Driving Without Fiscal Borders May Be Unsafe

In an age where rich and vivid information is ever more easily available to the common man, public opinion about some matters including socio-political issues is dramatically different, and much more mature, than what it used to be about a decade ago.

Taxation is one such socio-political issue that interests every individual member of a nation, even to the extent of leading to heavy scrutiny of the very grounds on which a State claims rights to levy and collect compulsory taxes from its citizens. Libertarians in many democracies are heard questioning the very moral right of an elected government to continue to tax its citizens when it is own role in some aspects of public life (viz market and industry) is not open to scrutiny. Despite these developments, devising newer methods of taxation has attracted academic and political attention and is even getting hailed for its welcome breakthroughs and reforms in financing governments.

The need of the hour, however, is to question the very right of governments to continue to tax in newer ways amid trends of increasingly head-heavy governments - those governments whose higher tiers are heavier because of being less decentralized.

The maturation of conventional methods of taxation into VAT in 2005, and into the newly proposed GST since 2009, is a case in point. Lately it was also reported that the NDA government had offered as incentives to States endorsing the GST regime ways to make-up for losses they would incur due to GST. The regime is so strict in its intent that this incentive has been rolled out to subside opposition in Rajysabha, not really to compensate for the potential losses States would incur.

On similar lines is a hearsay driven revolution being orchestrated by some migrant netizens across the country, especially in those cities that receive lot of middle-class migrants. This particular revolution, apparently originating from Bengaluru, claims to raise its voice for a "One Nation, One Road Tax" regime. The petitioner of this change not only twists the words of a piece of legislation on this website, but also subtly bases his argument on a recent opinion expressed by the NDA government to sweep all RTOs into a centrally controlled authority - a mess actually.

Be it GST or the Road Tax bill, moves in this direction by the central government are bound to jeopardize fiscal stature of State governments. Any legislation made or amended to deprive States of the power to collect taxes under its own legitimate subjects would not only deprive States of funds but also constrain them politically in the long run. The State government loses its rightful hold over State subjects this way. This is not good at all for Federalism that is promised to be upheld in this democracy.

What India needs now are Smart States, not Cities!

The current NDA government in India has been making quite a lot of noise about the hundred smart cities that it wants to build. All this noise is uncalled for in a federal democracy. In fact it appears to be signaling the formation of an ecosystem of governance where the States are conveniently expelled from their place between the Centre and the people!

(Courtesy: districtoffuture.eu)
Smart Cities Council, a portal where global companies and city stakeholders discuss smart city ideas, hosts this infographic that explains the nitty-gritties of smart cities. According to it, a smart city is that which is nearly self-sustenant and whose public policy and data are transparently available to people for scrutiny and other uses.

The idea of smart city strives to make legislation and policing minimal by letting advanced technology assist, if not replace them. More importantly, at the heart of these smart cities, is the idea of governance by least hops and the idea of self-rule. For cities in India, the closest tier of an elected government is either a municipality, corporation or the panchayat. The central government is far-fetched and impractical on this count. Attempts like these being made by the Urban Development ministry in GoI, therefore, are desi to fail.

If self-sustenance and local governance are the mantras for smart and efficient living in the modern world, then Smart States, not cities are what India needs primarily and urgently. These smart States would have to be more self-sustenant, self-reliant and self-driven than they are allowed to be in India today.

Having some cities under the direct regulation of the central government burdens it with additional fiscal responsibility but brings in revenues that the States need and deserve more, thus denying those cities and States the attention and resources they need and deserve. Given the nature of horizontal fiscal devolution prevalent in India, such centrist ideas of building cities could siphon funds away from well performing cities into the non-performing, yet enumerated cities. This corrupts fiscal performance equation of States and also creates an unfair and uncompetitive environment in the nation.

Amidst all the diversity in India a State is the real unit of governance that needs to turn smarter, not the city. It is a smart decision to respect the diversity and embrace the challenges it offers, for a solution agnostic of diversity is not smartness, it is brutal rudeness. That is the real federal way of imbibing smartness, for smartness of a democratic and diverse nation like India really lay in its Federalism.

(This post was originally published on Karnatique, run by my friends at Banavasi Balaga)